It rises on a steep northern escarpment of the eastern great rift valley and is fed by lakes shala, abiyata, langano, and ziway. Pdf awash river has been impaired by various types of pollution owing to waste released from different socioeconomic activities in its basin. Evaluating water quality of awash river using water quality index. Climate change impact on water resources in the awash basin. Weap modeling of surface water resources allocation in. Out of the 12 river basins in ethiopia, the awash river basin is the most important, intensively utilized and environmentally vulnerable kinfe 1999. Analysis of rainfall trend and variability for agricultural.
Description of awash basin awash river basin is located in central ethiopia and flows through five regional states oromia, afar, amhara, somali, snnp and two administrative councils dire dawa and addis ababa. The awash river is the most intensively and diversely utilized water resource in ethiopia and thus the most threatened from quantitative and qualitative standpoints. There are twelve major river basins in ethiopia of which awash basin is one and the most utilized river basin so far. The awash river basin faces land degradation, high population density, natural water degradation salinity and wetland degradation. The awash river basin supports farming, from the growth of lowland crops such as maize and sesame to pastoral farming practices. Longterm spi drought forecasting in the awash river basin. Longterm spi drought forecasting in the awash river basin in.
This study investigates the likely impact of climate change on hydrological processes of the keleta watershed in the awash river basin, ethiopia. Pdf drought analysis in the awash river basin, ethiopia. It is the fourth populous basin in ethiopia and ranks the 3 rd of all basins of ethiopia in. River basin high council and authorities were established under proclamation no. Thus, the water quality of the awash river was inversely related to flow of the river table 2. Given that flood hazard is spatial phenomenon, the application of gis and remote sensing techniques are essential to the flood hazardrisk management process. We have evaluated the effects of water pricing on water management practices in awash basin authority aba. The topography of drainage basins is a sensibly permanent characteristic which influences mainly the concentration or time distribution of the discharge from a drainage basin. Drought impacts and related risk management by smallholder. Organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and. Irrigation water quality of middle awash river basin, ethiopia.
Pdf the role of reservoirs in drought mitigation in. Water demand analysis and irrigation requirement for major. The awash river basin is the most important basin in ethiopia, and covers a total land area of 110,000 km 2 and serves as home to 10. This paper also indicates how the model calibration approach should be geared in terms of logical assumptions and reasonable representation of groundwater systems to better contribute to sustainable use of groundwater resources in ethiopia.
According to huntingford, in the 16th century the awash river was called the great dir river and lay in the country of the muslims. Executive summary of strategic river basin plan for awash. Standardized precipitation index and standardized stream flow index are used to characterize meteorological and hydrological droughts of the basin respectively. Afar, amhara, oromia, snnp, and somali, two administrative councils addis ababa and dire dawa.
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ihe d. The altitude ranges from 250 m in the east to 3000 m in the west. Water demand, holetta river, cropwat model, water use 1. Holetta river is one of the rivers found in the upper part of awash basin and facing challenges of runoff variability and scarcity of water availability during the dry season. Pdf modsimbased water allocation modeling of awash. The climate of the awash river basin varies between a mild temperate climate in the upper awash sub basin to a hot semiarid climate in both the middle and lower subbasins. Irrigation water quality of middle awash river basin.
Oct 04, 2018 the awash river basin is one of the 12 major basins of ethiopia. River systems differ in their efficiency as agencies for collecting and conducting water. Even with such a wide altitudinal difference, the majority of the drainage areas in the basin are flat. The awash river originates from the high plateau ginchi of 3000 m. Integrated study revealed that the interplay between the regional fault systems found to control the inter basin transfer of the groundwater from the middle part of the blue nile to the aquifer systems of the upper awash basin 45. Impact of lake beseka on the water quality of awash river. The river rises on the high plateau near ginchi town, in the west side of the capital city of addis ababa, ethiopia and flows along the rift valley into the afar triangle, and terminates in the salty lake abbe on the border with.
Jun 25, 2018 regional and local hydrological regimes are significantly vulnerable to global climate change which threaten water resources and food security of nations. Awash river basin, with a total catchment area of 1,304 km2, is located between latitudes 753. The awash basin is divided into three parts upper, middle, and lower basins based on climatological, physical, socioeconomic, agricultural, and water resources characteristics 5,21. Awash basin authority, thus, is established in accordance with awash basin high council and authorities establishment council of ministers regulation no. Description of the basin the awash river basin is the most important river basin in ethiopia, and covers a total land area of 110,000 km 2 and serves as home to 10. The main source of irrigation water in middle awash valley is the. It appeared that in the past ethiopia was only utilizing the awash river basin for. Flood hazard and risk assessment using gis and remote sensing. Pdf evaluating water quality of awash river using water quality. Pdf the awash river basin has been the most extensively developed and used river basin in ethiopia since modern agriculture was introduced. The awash river basin is the most important basin in ethiopia. This paper examines stakeholders and their roles to tackle the challenges of water insecurity in the awash basin of ethiopia.
An overview and case study from the upper awash catchment, ethiopia master thesis hydrology, code 450122, 39 ects s. In river basin context, iwrm is defined as a process that enables the coordinated management of water, land and related resources within the limits of a basin so as to optimize and equitably share the resulting socioeconomic wellbeing without compromising the longterm health of vital ecosystems. In the present study the flowgauging station of awash river at hombole was selected for the application and selection of suitable rainfallrainfall models to forecast inflows into the reservoir. This study analyzes drought characteristics in the awash river basin of ethiopia based on meteorological and hydrological variables. The awash river is 1200 km long and the catchment covers an area of 110,000 km 2. Cotton is grown in the fertile awash river valley, and dams notably the koka dam, 1960 supply hydroelectric power.
Awba awash basin authority awash basin development office. Interbasin groundwater transfer and multiple approach. Irrigation water pricing has been considered as a tool to enhance water conservation in irrigated agriculture. Awash river figure 1, which starts from central highlands of ethiopia. The climate of the awash river basin is mostly influenced by the movement of the. Rainfall runoff models are mainly used for river flow forecasting for the management of the resource and to minimize the ill effects through early warning measures. Soil salinity and irrigation water quality status in selected. Delta statistical downscaling methods were used to downscale 20 global circulation models gcms. Water resources and extreme events in the awash basin reach. Climate risk studies have largely neglected household coping and adaptation strategies. Hence, this thesis work aims in analysing drought and its mitigation measures in awash river basin. Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of ethiopia, and empties into a chain of interconnected lakes that begin with lake gargori and end with lake abbe on the border with djibouti, some 100 kilometers 60 or 70 miles from the head of the gulf of tadjoura.
It is the principal stream of an endorheic drainage basin covering parts of the amhara, oromia and somali regions, as well as the southern half of the afar region. The river rises on the high plateau near ginchi town west of addis ababa in ethiopia and flows along the rift valley into the afar triangle, and. Characteristics and trends of streamflow and dissolved solids continued green region 33 upper green subregion 33 green river at warren bridge, near daniel, wyo. The awash river basin is one of the 12 river basins in ethiopia. Awash basin is the most developed basin in ethiopia so far due to availability of suitable land. Pdf irrigation water pricing in awash river basin of. Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of.
Awash basin covers a total area of 114,123 km2that includes five regional states. Ethiopia mixing of lake besekas water with awash river relatively fresh water was carried out not to reduce the problem of water scarcity in the basin rather to slow down the rapid expansion of lake beseka, lb, before upsetting the surrounding environment and together with aim of diluting the lake besekas water. Awash river basin flood and drought management strategic plan. There is an alphabetic list at the end of this article. Water insecurity is a growing challenge manifested from global to local scales. Modeling climate change impact on the hydrology of keleta. Executive summary of strategic river basin plan for awash basin.
The climate of the basin varies from humid subtropical to arid. Understanding the variability, trend and characteristics of the growing season is, therefore, crucial for planning and designing appropriate adaptation strategies in the basin. Awash basin high council and authority ethiopian legal brief. The awash river basin is the most important river basin in ethiopia, and covers a total land area of 110,000 km 2 and serves as home to 10. Modsimbased water allocation modeling of awash river basin, ethiopia. The objective of the lecture note is to provide a comprehensive theoretical material and practical skills. This is a list of streams and rivers in ethiopia, arranged geographically by drainage basin. State of the awash river basin report 2018 pdf awash basin. A major river basin that has serious flood problems is the awash river basin located in the rift valley. We find that severe drought periods have led to a significant depression of crop yields. Detail drought assessment is performed on a sub basin level. Location and elevation of awash basin among the ethiopian river basins. Weap modeling of surface water resources allocation in didessa sub basin, west ethiopia sustainable water resources management, mar 2016 tena bekele adgolign, g.
The coverage of summary flood hazard levels and coverage in awash depicts. Challenges of groundwater flow model calibration using. Awash basin covers parts of afar, amhara, oromia, somali regional states, snnp and addis ababa and dire dawa administrative councils. In this paper we analyze drought impacts, drought risk management, and resulting drought resilience in awash river basin of ethiopia based on socioeconomic data collected from 43 randomly selected peasant associations. Awash river basin is a major river basin that has serious flood problems in ethiopia. Introduction ethiopia has 12 river basins and awash river basin is one of them. The lecture note has been prepared by ethiopian authors from six universities under the and supervision of dr. Impact of climate change on the water resources of awash river. The awash river basin drains along the great nitt valley made its river basin in a broad display through its major mers emanated from the high land in the west ern. Ethiopian universities in integrated river basin management project. Analysis of longterm trends of annual and seasonal rainfall. Standardized precipitation index is used for temporal and.
Awash river basin ranks seventh from the twelve river basin of the country in terms of surface water resources. Frequent and persistent droughts and the associated food insecurity of the basin. It is well understood among major stakeholders that water management in the awash basin is crucial and needs a comprehensive and sustainable approach. This paper deals with rainfall runoff modeling of the upper awash river catchment located in the central part of ethiopia. Characteristics and trends of streamflow and dissolved solids. December 2015 japan international cooperation agency kokusai kogyo co. Integrated water resources management as a system approach.
Pdf flood hazard and risk assessment using gis and remote. Trend analysis of climatic and hydrological variables in the awash. Although the relative surface water resource is lesser than most of the basins in ethiopia, awash river basin is the most. Already desertification has started at lower awash river basin. The economy of the awash basin is highly exposed to hydrological variability. The largest part of the awash river basin is located in the arid lowlands of the afar region in the northeastern part of ethiopia which extends from semidesert.
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